Monday, December 30, 2019

University of Phoenix Organizational Culture - 1133 Words

Organizational culture can be defined as the system of attitudes, beliefs and values that are collectively expressed in support of organizational structure. Organizational culture is a pattern of shared basic assumptions that dictate the behavior of individuals within an organization. Culture determines which practices are appropriate and which are not, effectively developing standards, guidelines, and expectations for individuals within an organization. Although they work hand in hand, there is a definite distinction in the beliefs and the values that make up organizational culture. The beliefs of an organization are assumptions of the way things are, while values are an assumption about the way things should be. By that definition,†¦show more content†¦As the stock prices were inflated, the liquidity of the company was spread very thin. Through the individual business ventures of these highly educated individuals, Enron took out loans and spread their finances thin. Additi onally, there was an intense culture of competition within Enron. Skilling implemented an intense employee evaluation system (PRC 360-degree review) in which employees were judged on the profits of their projects. The bottom 10% of employees according to this evaluation were often fired or demoted. This created a state of individual paranoia at Enron in which individuals, in order to keep their jobs, were forced into using shady accounting practices and not worrying about the future considerations of a deal as long as it turned a short term profit. Because of this intense culture of internal competition, employees at Enron (even the ones who felt they were using unethical practices) were reluctant to speak up. The corporate culture made it hard for ethical objections to be heard or taken seriously. In an employee s recollection of his experience at Enron it was noted that saying things like This doesn t make sense was unofficially sanctioned †¦I got the idea that not many peo ple actually knew what was going on, and asking questions would further show this lack of knowledge. Furthermore, Enron s message about their values was demonstrated through the actionsShow MoreRelatedAssignment : Moreno Medical Center1657 Words   |  7 PagesCenter: Issues in Managed Care Moreno Medical Center (MMC) is a physician-owned full-service acute care hospital that has been around since 1975 (University of Phoenix, 2016). They recently experienced changes in payment with managed care, so they started looking closer at the processes and patient satisfaction with their current procedures (University of Phoenix, 2016). Currently, patient experience in the outpatient surgical clinic is low due to long delays throughout the admission and discharge processesRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Communication Paper1190 Words   |  5 PagesSouthwest Airlines Organizational Behavior amp; Communication Paper Erica Sepulveda Communications for Accountants/Com 530 January 30, 2012 Southwest Airlines Organizational Behavior amp; Communication Paper Airlines, such as Southwest Airlines, strive to provide the best customer service that they can offer to keep their customers happy. A prospective Southwest passenger may probably make their reservation by calling the customer service number, logging onRead MoreOrganizational Psychology Paper714 Words   |  3 PagesOrganizational Psychology your name PSY/428 September 20, 2010 Marianne Narick Organizational Psychology As organizations grow and expand globally, the growing number of business competitors who provide the same services becomes greater. Organizational psychologists are a benefit to organizational success, regardless of size. Organizational Psychologists can offer fresh ideas for improvement using various methods of study and research. One important step in understanding the peopleRead MoreTransparency in Corporate Governance1507 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: TRANSPARENCY IN CORPIRATE GOVERNANCE McBride Financial Services - Transparency in Corporate Governance University of Phoenix May 4, 2009 Transparency is imperative with respect to corporate governance due to the crucial nature of reporting financial information to maintaining investor and consumer confidence. The lack of devotion to corporate governance policies will send the message that the company is unbalanced and the leadership is not incorporating the highest level of integrityRead MoreLeadership in Action Essay1016 Words   |  5 Pagesthree years. This paper will describe the formal culture of the organization and how this structure compares with other organizational structures. How the companys informal culture influences their effectiveness and formal structure will also be addressed. The role of power and politics will be looked at as well as which leadership style would be the most effective for the Chief Operating Officer (COO) for S Fs structure and culture. Organizational Structure is defined by McShane-Von Gilnow asRead MoreChange Management Essay example1644 Words   |  7 Pagesadjustments toward the new vision or processes and procedure, finally to put in place new constraints for the new processes and procedures (McShane, 2003.) The Burke-Litwin Model of Organizational Performance and Change is based on the idea, which theorizes the need to explore organizational functioning and organizational change. This theory is brought to light by describing how performance is affected and how effective change takes place. Furthermore, both in terms of content that coincides withRead MoreMba 520 Syllabus1576 Words   |  7 PagesMBA/520 Transformational Leadership Course Syllabus University of Phoenix MBA520 ________________________________________ Please print a copy of this syllabus for handy reference. Whenever there is a question about what assignments are due, please remember this syllabus is considered to be the ruling document. GENERAL COURSE INFORMATION COURSE NUMBER: MBA/520 COURSE TITLE: Transformational Leadership COURSE START DATE: 1 March 2007 COURSE END DATE: 5 April 2007 COURSE LOCATION:Read MoreChange Management1610 Words   |  7 Pagesadjustments toward the new vision or processes and procedure, finally to put in place new constraints for the new processes and procedures (McShane, 2003.) The Burke-Litwin Model of Organizational Performance and Change is based on the idea, which theorizes the need to explore organizational functioning and organizational change. This theory is brought to light by describing how performance is affected and how effective change takes place. Furthermore, both in terms of content that coincides withRead MoreMission, Vision Values - Alameda County Community Food Bank965 Words   |  4 Pageswas chosen for completing a strategic plan. This paper will discuss the strategic plan for the Alameda Community Food Bank, components of the strategic management process that will be analyzed, and how the outcomes will affect the leadership and culture of the organization. Background The Alameda County Community Food Bank has been in existence helping people since 1985 and serves as the central clearinghouse for donated food in Alameda County (Alameda County Food Bank, 2007). The Food Bank providesRead MoreLeadership and Organizational Change Concepts Worksheet1042 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership and Organizational Change Concepts Worksheet Concept Application of Concept in the Scenario or Simulation Reference to Concept in Reading Feedback Process In the Simulation, CrysTel contracts consultants to conduct surveys internally to identify the weakest and strongest of the departments characteristics. The consultants have been given a budget of $65,000. An Employee Satisfaction and Climate survey (with a total cost of $48,000) was utilized by the consultant. This is the

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Literature Review Wage Suppression / Bracero Program

Elsa Gomez Pena Professor Murshid POSC 349B 02 November 2015 Literature Review: Wage Suppression/Bracero Program In a capitalist society, profit maximization is the primary concern of firms and corporations. Because wages are a deduction from profit, one often reads in our texts and other articles inspired by Marx that wage can never be low enough for capital. These kind of statements are supported by empirical evidence, in particular, by various companies’ and economic policy makers’ major efforts over the past years to suppress wages in general. Rivoli highlights the idea that in a capitalist society, the ‘race to the bottom’ is a driving mechanism for profit maximization, in turn such actions result in labor exploitation and†¦show more content†¦897). During this time period, the United States was experiencing a factor period of abundant land and labor, therefore it made sense that since WWII was occurring, the growers demanded more labor. When the war ended, the Bracero Program continued, causing discontent among the returning U.S. domestic labor force. Although the Mexican government signed a second agreement extending the Bracero Program, it slowly lost any control over the program after the end of World War II, resulting in a chain reaction of illegal immigration (Gamboa 1993 p. 860). Mexican laborers who participated in the Bracero Program hoped that the involvement of the Mexican government would protect them from exploitation at the hands of U.S. growers. The Bilateral agreement suggested that those laborers chosen would meet physical standards, live in sanitary housing, have paid transportation, and be paid a decent wage for the crop they harvested (Cohen 2011) However, that was not the case; living conditions were meant to treat workers as â€Å"replaceable† and â€Å"interchangeable† (Mize Swords 2010 p. 19). The laborers were bound to a specific schedule, their lives were structured around work schedules and always separated from U.S society (Mize Swords 2010 p.19). They had to individual choice, every small action they performed came at a monetary cost.

Saturday, December 14, 2019

America’s Commercial Airline Industry Free Essays

1989 has been a year in which both aviation experts and spokesmen. For the flying public have expressed intensified concern over what they perceive to be a substantial deterioration in the safety of America†s passenger airline operations. In the first nine months of 1989 alone, there have been ten fatal air crashes involving large transport-category planes owned by U. We will write a custom essay sample on America’s Commercial Airline Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. based carriers (Ott p. 28). This compares disfavorably to the first nine of months of 1988, when but two such accidents took place, and in fact, it is the highest number of death-causing accidents for the American commercial aviation industry during the 1980s (Fotos p. ). This spate of airborne tragedies has prompted interested parties to ask a series of disturbing questions. Is it now safe to fly on American owned airlines, and, related to this, is it now riskier to board these planes than it was before industry deregulation took place in 1978? What, if any, specific factors have contributed to the perceived decline in the industry†s safety standards? Finally, what, if anything, can be done to enhance the airworthiness of U. S. passenger planes and to improve the safety performance of the crews who man them? In this paper, all three of these questions will be addressed, and, without advancing too far ahead, we discover that there simply are no definitive answers to any of them. As serious accidents among America†s air carriers have mounted in 1989, a â€Å"conventional wisdom† has supplied a plausible account of the historical roots of the present safety problem. In 1978, the Federal government de-regulated the U. S. airline industry. Faced with an increasingly competitive environment, individual carriers tried to hold down fares by making cost-related cuts in policies and procedures related to safety. Many have argued that, â€Å"increased competition may lead airlines to skimp on investments in safety,†(Bornstein and Zimmerman p. 913) by, for example, allowing aging planes to take to the skies following routine inspections rather than replacing them with new craft. But there is an overarching problem with this explanation: 1989†³s accidents apart, empirical data suggest that it is currently safer to fly on a plane operated by a major U. S. air carrier than it was ten years ago! In 1978, the odds of a large airliner†s becoming involved in fatal crash were one for every million aircraft departures; ten years later, that proportion has dropped to around one in every 2. 25 million departures (McConnel p. 207). On the whole, it is, in fact, comparatively safe to fly, and even with 1989 crash incidents added to the aggregated figures, flying is no more dangerous today than it was prior to deregulation. The Federal Aviation Administration, the National Transportation Safety Board and an array of independent air safety experts have all probed this year†s major airline accidents. Despite all of post hoc study, they have been unable to discern a common link among them, (Ott p. 28) with one major exception. The qualification at hand refers to dramatic increase in the volume of air traffic since de-regulation. According to NTSB member John Lauber, † ‘ if there is a trend in accidents, it is a trend set by the increasing volume of air transport operations rather than any fundamental deterioration in the margins of safety (Ott p. 28). At first glance, this argument is comforting: more flights in the air simply result in more accidents commensurate with higher traffic volumes, so that the impact of de-regulation has had only the broadest and most indirect influences upon the industry†s safety record. But to ascribe the recent rash of safety problems to the â€Å"neutral† effect of higher traffic volume in the wake of de-regulation and leave it at that overlooks several critical points. For example, to remain competitive, many airlines schedule flights in clusters for the convenience of their passengers. This, in turn, as Rudolf Kapustin (an independent industry- watcher) states, tends to increase risks among flight occurring at â€Å"peak times (Ott p. 28). † Far more worrisome, when accidents for smaller, commuter or regional airlines are factored in, we find that 16 percent of all airlines had safety records considerably worse than the norm, accounting for nearly 80 percent of all airborne accidents between 1977 and 1984 (Ott p. 30). These figures strongly indicate that policies and practices by the airlines themselves may have acted as variables that have had a role in recent accidents. There are two major factors that appear to have had a part in this year†s major carrier crashes, both of which can be related to cost cutting challenges upon the airlines unleashed by de-regulation. The first of these concerns the planes themselves. There is evidence to suggest that some U. S. airlines are operating a higher percentage of â€Å"high time† or â€Å"geriatric† aircraft than was previously the case. About 2,300 of the 8,000 odd commercial jets flown by major airline crews have passed twenty years of continuous service. Plainly, aging fleets have some immediate linkage to two recent air fatalities. In April, 1988 Aloha Airlines 737 experienced a structural collapse; a huge section of the upper fuselage peeled off; one flight attendant was killed and sixty-one passengers were injured. â€Å"The aircraft in question,† investigators found, had logged some 90,000 take-off/landing duty cycle, † the second highest number recorded by any jetliner operating in the free world. Eight months later, with the Aloha case still under study, a United Airlines 747 bound for Honolulu literally disintegrated in the air over the Pacific Ocean, resulting in nine deaths. This craft was another â€Å"veteran† plane, one that had a maintenance record suggesting increasing safety problems. Clearly, there is an economic motive behind airline operation of â€Å"geriatric† planes. A Boeing 737, for example, cost around $25 million at present, so that, † it is in the economic interest of an airline to prolong the life of its current fleet if it can do so at reasonable cost and without compromising safety. In the opinion of some critics, given the competitive pressures of a de-regulated market environment, some airlines are paying too much attention to this economic imperative, and, conversely, too little care to the maintenance of adequate safety standards. Most jet transport accidents are not the result of equipment failure; a full two-thirds can be attributed to human error. At present, all U. S. air carriers, major airlines and regionals alike, are facing a reduced pool of qualified pilots and flight personnel to staff their crews. De-regulation has meant a higher level of demand for a finite number of qualified crew members, and, at the same time, the number of potential crew members leaving the nation†s armed forces (the traditional mainstay of new hires for the airlines) has dropped sharply in recent years. As has been noted in a recent issue of Aviation Week Space Technology: † the major airlines are reported to be drastically reducing the amount of flying time they require from applicants, â€Å"and while † there is no shortage of applicants (there is) a shortage of highly qualified ones (Pilot Turnover†¦ p. 91). Inexperienced pilots tend to make more mistakes than their veteran counterparts, so that the labor demand growth that has taken place with deregulation coupled with a reduced number of former armed forces pilots available may well be a factor undermining airline safety. Having stated that it is, in general, safe to board U. S. operated planes, yet another qualification must be made at this juncture. Smaller carriers, flying short routes and known as â€Å"commuter† airlines have much worse safety records than the major airlines. According to McConnell: In the past decade, commuter airlines have had 81 fatal accidents, Killing 384 people. In 1987 alone 35 accidents caused 58 deaths. And in the first two months of 1988, crashes killed 22. The Commuters† fatal accidents rate per 100,000 departures has averaged Seven times that of the major airlines (McConnel p. 206). These smaller carriers, like their major airlines counternumbers, are subject to FAA monitoring and regulation, and the results of FAA inquiries into the safety of the commuter lines has led the Agency to suspend or revoke commuter airline operating certificates on 58 occasions since 1981 for safety violations. The heart of the problem with the commuter airlines resides in the shrinking pool of qualified pilots available to them (Ott p. 28). Generally offering lower pay than the majors, the commuter lines have experienced a drain of talent as many of their most experienced pilots have left to take positions with the majors. In 1985, major U. S. carriers hired some 7,600n new pilots; the majority of them previously worked for commuter airlines (McConnel p. 209). At the same time, willingness of the majors to accept less qualified pilots from sources apart from the regionals has decreased the quality of regional hires yet another notch (Pilot Turnover†¦ p. 91). The trend toward less experienced crews in this segment of the industry is undeniable. † The pilots hired by U. S. regionals who had less than 2,000 hr. flight time rose 22. 3% of those hired in 1985 to 36. 2% in the first six months of 1989 (Ott p. 29). In addition to a declining level of experience in the cockpits of commuter aircraft, these pilots face demands that often exceed those placed upon pilots working for the majors. On some small carriers, pilots face several trips a day between under-equipped airfields, and in addition must plan routes, study weather, handle baggage and even fuel the plane. Fatigue can become a factor (McConnel p. 207). To fill spots, regionals have tried to lure flight instructors from flying schools into their ranks (Pilots Turnover†¦ p. 91). Unfortunately, by engaging in this practice, the regionals reduce the capacity of the nation†s flight schools to enlarge the pool of personnel available to all carriers. If a shortage of qualified crew members is identified as a factor that has some causal relation to a perceived decline in American air carrier safety, this effect is most acute at the level of the commuter/regional firms. The evidence regarding the effect of de-regulation upon safety for American airlines is mixed, inconclusive, but nevertheless broad enough. Common sense tells us that older planes and less experienced crews will have a negative impact upon safety, and, in the case of commuter lines, the latter has probably contributed to a performance record significantly below that of the major carriers. Given that a case can be made that identifiable variables are now eroding flight safety, the question naturally becomes: What can be done to remedy or, at least, ameliorate this situation? The FAA formed an Airworthiness Assurance Task Force shortly after the Aloha incident, and, in February, 1989, this body issued its recommendations. These proposals generally dealt with the tandem problems of aging fleets and inexperienced crews. Regarding the former, The Task Force noted that in several recent accidents, parts that had either been inspected and passed review or parts that were thought to have an â€Å"infinite† working life, broke down. The Airworthiness Assurance Task Force recommended to the FAA an $800 million program to upgrade older aircraft. The key provision would mandate the replacement of various parts and assemblies at specified time intervals, even if inspection detected no flaws. In other words, the industry would move to a plan of preventive replacement, rather than preventive maintenance. The plan would require repairs in about one of every five jetliners currently in service (Hoffer p115). The FAA itself has followed up on this recommendation: this year the agency mandated replacement of rivets on older 727s, and in the near future, the order will be extended to veteran 737s and 747s as well. The cost of all this promises to be high, amounting to an average of around $600,000 per plane. Still, conducted on a phased basis, it does not spell financial ruin for the majors, and given FAA powers, they have no choice but to comply. The FAA has also made recommendations regarding improvement of crew performance. It has, for example, suggested that airlines should â€Å"avoid pairing two pilots who may be qualified but inexperienced, either as pilot or in the particular aircraft type they would be flying (Ott p. 29). † The Agency has also urged that only experienced pilots be given control over aircraft during times of severe weather conditions. Both of these proposals have been accepted by the industry. Far more controversial, the FAA has also endorsed the idea of setting autonomous safety departments within each airline that would have absolute power to ground flights or personnel on the basis of safety. These departments would actively monitor pilot performance through retrospective examination of data contained in tapes on flight recorders (Fotos p. 31). Although the airlines see such a move as having safety-enhancing outcomes, the notion that control over scheduled flights will be ceded by line management to a safety procedures, has met with some resistance. At bottom, implementing the FAA†s suggestions will carry a step price tag in both financial and management labor terms, and taken together, may contribute to a second round of shakeouts, as weaker carriers will not be able to bear these costs and continue to be competitive. How to cite America’s Commercial Airline Industry, Essay examples

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Springer Science and Business Media †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Springer Science and Business Media. Answer: Introduction A company needs to be making specific plans for every unit within the organisation (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). An effective HR plan is same in this regards. JJ furniture Ltd needs to have a proper human resource plan. This will help the company to make sure that they have a team culture within the organisation. There are various requirements of the team management plan which is discussed in later part of the report. This report also showcases the different types that are required for improving the efficiency of the organisation. In order to reduce the confusion regarding the work, power and responsibility of the member within the project team, it is essential to have clearly defined organisational structure (Nutcache, 2018). The organisational structure for the project team is as follows: Here at the top of the chart is project coordinator who has the role of coordinating all the activities that will be done for achieving the project. Under them lie training coordinator and accounts/ administrator who has the role of providing trainings to the members and managing the financial requirement of the project respectively. Below them lies the provincial coordinators under whom there are various field coordinators. These filed coordinators are responsible for completing various takes from time to time. Under them lies the project member having diverse specialities. For having an effective project management Plan Company needs to have an efficient staffing and recruitment plan (Bratton Gold, 2017). Plan for the selection and recruitment for the members for JJ furniture limited is as follows: Defining the project roles: Before recruiting or staffing a company needs to define the roles for the staffs that need to be selected. This includes title or post for which they are being recruited for, their duties, rules for communication like whom, when to report, other details like team performance criteria, their salaries, benefits. Searching team candidates: This can be done with the help of job descriptions posted on various advertising mediums (Linman, 2011). Interviewing and testing the candidate: After the requests are received, interviews are conducted so as to select candidates for different roles. This selection is done as per the test they have given. Team building plan After the candidates have been selected it is essential that they work like a team (Flamholtz, 2012). In order to ensure this a team building plan is necessary for the company. Team building plan for the project is as follows: Follow the team building stages: Five stages of team development must be used. The five stages are forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning are used. Team building activity: There are many team building activities that need to be used. This may include some team exercise like games etc. Training: For converting the group into the team, training is highly necessary. Training helps in enhancing team building exercise. This also assists in reducing the cost of project as working in team increases the efficiency of the employees. Rewards and assessment: A pre pan must be made which must focus on the rewards and incentives that will be given by the company to the team when the project gets done on time. Manage team: There are very aspects that is associated with the team like encouraging effective communication, utilising communication skills, observation, team performance management, good decision making etc. (Kehoe Wright, 2013). They all need to be managed in a proper way so as to make sure that team becomes effective. Staff management plan It is essential for the comp any to make sure that they have an effective staff management plan. This helps them in ensuring the highest of staffs efficiency which is good for the company and the staffs themselves (Jiang, Lepak, Han, Hong, Kim Winkler, 2012). The plan is as follows: In any team management communication plays a very crucial role (Meredith Mantel Jr, 2011). The communication plan for the Project team is as follows: Purpose and approach: The purpose of this plan is to make sure that no confusion remains in the minds of team members while executing the task. Goals and objectives: Some of the goals and objectives are as follows: To reduce the confusion regarding the roles and responsibilities of various staffs throughout the project completion. To create dialog between all the stakeholders associated with the project so as to gain acceptance regarding any project. For taking feedbacks form various associated stakeholders of the project. Communication roles: Various roles of different members related to communication is determined like steering team, project sponsor, leadership/ management team, project lead etc. Communication methods and tools: The tools of modern mediums of communication like the emails and conferences must be used. Feedbacks must be taken with the use of surveys so as to understand problems that team is facing. Selection of tool and method must be based on the requirement of the project. Assessment plan While any project is carried there are various kinds of assessments needs to be done (Kerzner Kerzner, 2017). This will be helpful in the longer run as improvements can be made as per this assessment. The assessment plan is based on various kinds of metrics that is predefined. This is always done on the basis of the data that is collected at the time of project completion. Some of the used metrics: Quality: To ensure a higher quality is achieved at the each level of the project completion. Performance management: On the basis of the data collected about the performance of the team member, there must be a management plan that must be made. This includes the tools like training. Training: After the evaluation of the performance on the basis of metrics that a company has set for them, training must be provided to the members regarding the skills they are lagging. This is must be done as per the requirement of different individuals as different members of the team have different skill requirements. Improvement plan After all the assessment is done it is crucial for the team to have an improvement plans (Thomas, 2012). This must be made after the proper analysis of performance of the whole team and the members in team. The improvement plan is as follows: Deciding the improvements required: Before Improvements is made first it is essential to decide the improvements that are actually required. This must be on both levels i.e. team level and members level. Training: The training must be given to the members according to the skills they are missing. Evaluation and retraining: The evaluation must be made after the training has been provided so as to judge the performance and again training must be provided as per the further requirements. This must be a continuous process. Conclusion From the above based report it can be concluded that in an organisation human resource plan is highly necessary. There are various plans that are required by the firm for completing any project. This includes the designing organisational structure, designing team, staffing and recruitment plan etc. along with this for managing the team there are several requirements. This includes staff management plan, communication plan, assessment plan and improvement plan etc. All these are necessary for the growth of the company. References Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2017).Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave. Flamholtz, E. G. (2012).Human resource accounting: Advances in concepts, methods and applications. Springer Science Business Media. Jiang, K., Lepak, D. P., Han, K., Hong, Y., Kim, A., Winkler, A. L. (2012). Clarifying the construct of human resource systems: Relating human resource management to employee performance.Human resource management review,22(2), 73-85. Kehoe, R. R., Wright, P. M. (2013). The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors.Journal of management,39(2), 366-391. Kerzner, H., Kerzner, H. R. (2017).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Linman, D., (2011). Retrieved from: https://www.mymanagementguide.com/project-team-planning-tips-basic-steps-for-recruiting-project-staff-members/ Meredith, J. R., Mantel Jr, S. J. (2011).Project management: a managerial approach. John Wiley Sons. Nutcache, (2018). Retrieved from: https://www.nutcache.com/blog/introduction-to-project-management-organizational-structure/ Thomas, D.A. (2012). Retrieved from: https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/managing-improvement-initiatives-projects-6019

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Homelessness in Canadian Society

Canada is a developed country with a prosperous economy. Out of the 30 million people living in Canada, a massive 80% live in the urban areas.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Homelessness in Canadian Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the last 11 years, Canada has realized national budget surpluses as noted by the Organization for Economic Development and Co-Operation (Gaetz 21). Canada also has a strong and well placed social programs and healthcare systems. However, the country is among the developed nations that are currently experiencing a chronic homelessness crisis. This crisis has become relevant in the recent past as the gap between the rich and poor among people in urban and rural areas continue to increase. People living in extreme poverty are more likely to lose their homes, and this is a prerequisite for homelessness. Homelessness in Canada is a current phenomenon which according to Gaetz (21 ) emerged in the 1980s but accelerated in the 1990s because of many social and economic factors. Homeless individuals living on parks and streets across Canada have not gone unnoticed. Consequently, they have caught the eyes of the media, politicians, as well as the international community. Therefore, homelessness in Canada has become a social problem and its major causes include among others, rapid changes in the social system, economic system and political system which are beyond the control of persons regarded as homeless. In this paper, the author reviews the literature to explore the level of homelessness in the Canadian society with much emphasis on how it was created.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the number of homeless individuals globally. Besides being a social issue, homelessness also happens to be a perso nal problem. For example, when a single person is unemployed or cannot have access to affordable housing, the problem becomes individualized. On the other hand, when thousands of these people are unemployed or cannot have access to affordable and decent housing, the problem becomes societal. However, homelessness is more of a social problem rather than an individual problem. Various societal factors are thought to have contributed to homelessness and as Mao, Richter, Burns, and Chaw-Kant (2) have noted, they include among others, â€Å"lack of affordable housing, decreases in availability of rent subsidies, unemployment, cutbacks in public welfare programs, substance abuse, deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill, and increasing rates of poverty†. These factors are not exceptional in the case of homelessness in Canada. Similar sentiments have also been echoed by Mao et al. (21) who note that homelessness is a social problem that is mainly influenced by changes in values, s ocial and political factors or systems. In the late 20th century, the Canadian government was actively involved in the provision of adequate housing, in addition to supporting low income earning individuals (Gaetz 22). This was realized through the enactment of the relevant government policies and practices. Other than these policies and practices, the Canadian government enhanced increased house supply through measures such as social housing investment, government insured mortgages, and provision for subsidies to enhance rental housing development (Melaine 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Homelessness in Canadian Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Through these changes and programs, all Canadians were now in a position to access sufficient and affordable supply of housing. What this means is that the Canadian government took upon itself to ensure that all its citizens were in a position to access cl ean, safe, and affordable shelter. However, during the onset of the 1980s and throughout the 1990s, there were changes in social and economic systems in Canada. One of the key causes of poverty among the population was the intense global as well as domestic changes in both government and housing social policies (Melanie 2008). Consequently, poverty created room for homelessness. This is because an increase in standard of living and changes in housing and government policies led to growth in the number of people going to the streets and shanty shelters. This was as a result of the individuals’ lack of access to decent, safe, and affordable housing. In his book Finding Home 2009, David Hulchanski, has portrayed the paradigm shift as being from â€Å"rehousing† policy to â€Å"dehousing† policy. This could be reflected in the case where the Alberta government rejected a 2 million dollar appeal requested by the Calgary Homeless Group to develop homes for the homeles s (CBC NEWS 2008). Although the government stated that the location of the new housing for the homeless was not secure, it should have provided an alternative way of curbing the social problem.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In a conference held in 2009 in Canada, Hulchanski (2) observed that the government has no priorities on addressing the problem of homelessness. This is because only a small portion of governmental resources have been directed towards the improvement of housing conditions. As a result, the demand for housing has surpassed the supply because of changes in government policies and efforts to address the issue of homelessness. It also means that there is no adequate and affordable housing for low-income persons and the demand is way above the available government funds to undertake effective social housing programs. Therefore, cutbacks in social housing and other initiatives could be blamed for the housing crisis being experienced in Canada. Economic and social policy failures are the major prerequisites for homelessness in the Canadian society because it has been hard to meet the housing demands for most people. Hulchanski (11) concluded that homelessness has been persistent because th e society we live in allows other people to control the events which lead to the classification of people being as homeless. In other words, homelessness is as a result of how housing systems have been organized, and how support services and income are allocated or fail to be allocated (Hulchanski 12). In Canada, homelessness is believed to be increasing at a very alarming rate, especially in the last decades thus resulting in increased visibility of homeless people (Melaine 1). In addition, this form of visibility has resulted in an increase in attention by the society. The number of homeless youths in Canada, their entire families, and adults are also increasing. For example, a report released in 2007 by CBC News showed that â€Å"Canada’s homeless population is somewhere between 200,000 and 300,000 people, while another 1.7 million residents struggle with â€Å"housing affordability issues† (CBC News 1). This means that more than 2 million people in Canada are face d with the problem of homelessness. The report adds that homelessness in Canada has now become chronic and a major defining social issue. As a result, there is need to address this social problem as quickly as possible. In Calgary over 4,000 people and 200 families do not have a shelter or a place to call home. According to CBC News (2008), since 2006, there has been 18 percent increase in the number of homeless people in Canada. Among these homeless, 78% are male, 72% reside in transitional housing or emergency shelters, and about 72% of them are of the age between 25 and 64 years (CBC News 2008). Although Canada is a developed nation and a country which uses the largest portion of its GDP for humanitarian support, its people are faced with problem of being homeless. According to CBC News (2007) the major cause of homelessness in Canada is not mental illness or substance abuse but instead, it is poverty. The statistics indicate that at least half of the population lives in the fear of being affected by poverty, while 49% believe that they could be poor if they missed one month or two months salaries. Therefore, poverty which is as social problem compared to other social factors is the main contributor of homelessness in Canada. Rather than addressing the issue permanently through the provision of affordable housing for low income earners, the government has been busy containing the rate of homelessness growth through the use of temporary measures (CBC News 2007). Based on the report by Calgary-based Sheldon Chumir Foundation for Ethics in Leadership, the cost incurred while building temporary shelters is much higher compared to implementation of rent supplements and developing of affordable housing to the affected persons. In Canada, homelessness is a major cause of social problems such as insufficient income, family conflict, mental illness, unemployment, and underemployment, and malnutrition. All these societal ills according to Gaetz (22) are the reasons w hy Canada still continues to face the problem of homelessness despite its economic and social prosperity. A report released by CBC News (2010) indicated that since 2008, there has been an insignificant change in the number of persons eking on low incomes. Moreover, 3 million Canadians are believed to spend sixty three percent of their income on basic needs. The implication made is that most of the homeless people live in abject poverty. As the level of low income earners remains static, the standards of livings and prices of food commodities and fuel continue to increase. As such, most of these people are forced to wind to the streets and makeshifts because they can hardly afford to pay rent. As a result, homelessness has become a major crisis in Canada especially in urban areas (Mao, Calder, Solina and Kovacs 2) which is driven by poverty increase among the masses. The federal government of Canada has been blamed for the increased levels of homelessness. This is because it has enga ged in activities such as withdrawal of social housing, budget cuts, and tightened eligibility requirements for housing programs, inability to provide stable employment for the people (Melanie 2008). The later has resulted in underemployment and unemployment which consequently encourage poverty and the inability to afford decent house. Moreover, poverty has been attributed to other social and economic factors such as low minimum wages and lack of state income-assistance rates (Melanie 2008). Hulchanski (3) argues that we have found ourselves in homelessness problem because of increasing poverty levels in Canada and the portrayal of the homeless by the media as poor, pathetic, dangerous, spoiled, and criminals rather than describing them as people in need, and hence the neglect. The negative perception of the homeless resulted in ignorance by the concerned parties. According to the Homeless Hub (2009), the society has failed in keep poor families and their children from the street, h ence the increasing level of homeless youth and young people. One of the profound causes of homelessness in Canada was the disengagement of Canada’s national housing strategy (Gaetz 22). The Canadian government started to cut down its budget as a way of reducing its debt which affected its social spending. Gaetz (22) adds that although budget cuts have resulted to surpluses, it has led to infrastructure deficit, especially n the housing sector. Gaetz (23) adds that the elimination of Canadian National Housing Program by the Federal government started with reduction in government spending on social and affordable housing in 1980s which culminated into annihilation of spending allocated on new affordable housing stock. In 1996, the Canadian Federal government relocated social housing responsibility to provincial governments. Consequently, Canada was virtually left as the only developed nations in the world with no fully funded national policy on housing. This created room for h omelessness, as majority of the people could not afford housing in the private sector. It should be noted that the actions of the Canadian federal government ensured the erosion of social housing stock and affordable housing, which later propelled homelessness. Moreover, the private sector on the other hand has largely focused on the construction of housing without considering low income earners. Decline in affordable housing stock was followed by rapid changes in income patterns. This has been supported by Homeless Hub (2009) and Melaine (2008) who observes that there has been an income discrepancy between the upper and lower class. Subsequently, there is a large portion of the Canadian population which falls below the state poverty line. Accompanying low changes in income pattern fall is rental vacancy rate which according to Melaine (2008) declined from 4.5 percent in 1995 to 2.9 percent in 2004. As a result, most of the residents have been spending more than 63% of their income in housing (CBC News 2010). This phenomenon has resulted in chronic homelessness in Canada which is expensive for the government to control. This has been reflected in the work of Stephen Gaetz on â€Å"The Real Cost of Homelessness: Can We Save Money by Doing the Right Thing?†. In this study, Gaetz (3) observed that it was more cost effective to tackle major causes of homelessness and prevent the issue of homelessness rather than providing day programs and emergency shelters. Racial discrimination in Canada could have been contributed by chronic homelessness in Canada (Homeless Hub 2009). This has been supported by a report by the Toronto Star which states that because of discrimination, immigrants are less likely to afford decent housing (Keung 2012). Because of poor pay, immigrants share houses and, spend more that 50 percent of their income on housing. The report adds that other than the documented visible homelessness, hidden homelessness is rampant because of increased unregistered migrants. Other social factors which have enhanced homelessness people are such as homophobia. For example, according to Homeless Hub (2009), most of the homeless youth are transgendered, bisexual, gay, or lesbian who have been discriminated against by family members in their communities, schools and neighborhoods. This, coupled with violence has made living in home more intolerable hence hitting to the streets for survival. Homeless youths are likely to abuse drugs as well. In summary, homelessness in Canada is a social problem that has been enhanced by rapid changes in social, political, and economic systems which could not be controlled by people facing homelessness. As a result, more than 2 million people in Canada are faced with the problem of homelessness. Homelessness in Canada emerged in the 1980s and increased in the 1990s as a result of the federal government’s decision to overhaul housing policies and programs. It can also be concluded that other than being a social problem, homelessness has become chronic in Canada. From a social perspective, homelessness is a social problem which was attributed to a multiple of societal factors. Some of these factors as indicated in the essay include increasing poverty levels, substance abuse, unemployment, homophobia, discrimination. Poverty remains the leading cause of homelessness in Canada. Although the private sector has invested highly in the housing sector, Canada lacks decent and affordable housing for its low income earners. In as far as the economic and political perspectives are concerned, it is important to note that when the federal government changes its policies, this led to a paradigm shift from â€Å"rehousing† policy to â€Å"dehousing† policy. For instance the federal government had to do away with the Canadian National Housing Program, after which it reduced its spending of affordable social housing schemes during the 1980s. Moreover, the Canadian federal gover nment eroded social housing stock and affordable housing which resulted in homelessness. Works Cited CBC News. â€Å"Poverty rate unchanged in 2008.† Homeless Hub, 17 Jun. 2010: 1. Print. CBC News. â€Å"Homeless families on rise in Calgary.† Homeless Hub, 17 Jul. 2008: 1. Print. CBC News.â€Å"Homelessness ‘chronic’ in Canada: study.† CBC News, 26 Jun. 2007: 1. Print. CBC News. â€Å"Province rejects funding for homeless family shelter.† Homeless Hub, 14 Jul. 2008a: 1. Print. Gaetz, Stephen. â€Å"The Real Cost of Homelessness: Can We Save Money by Doing the Right Thing?† Toronto: Canadian Homelessness Research Network Press, 2012. Print. Gaetz, Stephen. â€Å"The Struggle to End Homelessness in Canada: How we Created the Crisis, and How We Can End it.† The Open Health Services and Policy Journal, 3 (2010): 21-26. Print. Homeless Hub. Why do Young People Become Homeless?. The Homeless Hub. 2009. Web. Hulchanski, David. Homeless ness in Canada: Past, Present, Future, Alberta, Canada: New University of Calgary, 2009. Print. Keung, Nicholas. â€Å"New immigrants are the hidden homeless.† Toronto Star. 02 Apr. 2012: 1. Print. Mao, Yuping, Solina, Richter, Kovacs, Burns and Jean, Chaw-Kant J. â€Å"Homelessness Coverage, Social Reality, and Media Ownership: Comparing a National Newspaper with Two Regional Newspapers in Canada†. Journal of Mass Communication Journalism 2.7 (2012): 2-7. Print. Melaine, Par. 2 Views of Homelessness. 21. Jun. 2008. Web. Mao, Yuping, Moire, Calder, Solina, Richter, and Katharine, Burns. â€Å"Framing Homelessness for the Canadian Public: The News Media and Homelessness.† Canadian Journal of Urban Research (2011): 1-10. Print. This essay on Homelessness in Canadian Society was written and submitted by user Nelson Mclean to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Age No Bar For An Adventure Tourism Essay Essays

Age No Bar For An Adventure Tourism Essay Essays Age No Bar For An Adventure Tourism Essay Essay Age No Bar For An Adventure Tourism Essay Essay Each one of us has a desire to make something extreme in our life. When we dream we do non believe of what could be the possible barriers. The world to a great extend does non ever fit with dreams. But there is one topographic point where age is no standard. Where you can simple pin indicate your pick and travel for it. It is adventure athleticss. Although the myth related with escapade athletics make people think otherwise but the world is that Adventure athleticss is a merriment activity. It is risk free and can be done by anyone. If you are 50 old ages old and wish to make a mountain expedition so travel for it. Tough or easy is in the head. If you have the will and excitement half the conflict is won. Adventures can be classified in two parts. One sort is known as Soft escapades and other type is hardcore. Soft escapades are the 1s which do non necessitate any sort of accomplishments. They are more a leisure activity but they besides provide certain degree of challenge that is needed for any escapade to be escapade. Hard nucleus escapade is anything that requires you to contend the nature like trekking, mountain climbing, skiing and H2O rafting. Soft escapades are really popular amongst households. The thought of scuba diving in the bluish Waterss of Andman or Lakshwadeep or hot air ballooning above the desert of Thar is a really appealing thought among all age groups. And the utmost athleticss like bungee jumping or skiing the highest inclines or even trekking the highest mountain base on ballss by and large chosen by experts or risked by childs. The ground why most of the adult ups prefer the safe options of luxury vacations or soft escapades is because the idea forms formed from their immature age is that this is the clip to play and hold merriment because when you have more duties all this wont suit you. Other ground is that people do non take attention of their wellness from start and so do old age an alibi for non being adventuresome. The grounds can be any but the fact remains that if a individual has the will so he can decidedly seek any adventure athleticss and win. A few facts that will do this fact more credible are that most of the trekkers in America are in-between aged work forces. There are even some older than that. They have climbed some of the most feared mountains and performed some of the most electrifying stunts. Most of the individual travellers from abroad are females aged 40 or more. The popularity of escapade athleticss and the safety attached to it has grown so much that even oldies do non mind giving it a shooting. The popularity of escapade athleticss has caught up with everyone. When the media is traveling out of the manner to advance people from all age group are lured by it.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Miranda Rights & the U.S. Terrorism Policy Research Paper

Miranda Rights & the U.S. Terrorism Policy - Research Paper Example If you cannot afford a lawyer, one will be provided for you at government expense†1. While the above statements are primarily read out to American criminal suspects before their arrest in order to preserve the quality of their statements, the government has radicalized the use of the statement in order to expedite terrorist investigations and trials of both American and non-American suspects. After the events of September 11th 2001, the American government heightened its security and investigative tactics with the CIA and FBI enjoying more powers in tracking and apprehending suspects. Among the successful terrorist cases against American property, include the Benghazi attack of the US embassy. Additionally, the law enforcers have successfully intercepted a number of planed attacks owing to the increased powers and equipment such law enforcers as the FBI and the CIA enjoy2. The creation of new legislations including the USA PATRIOT Act resulted in the development of effective and efficient tools that would unite and strength America by giving the law enforcers more authority over terrorists3. Coupled with the creation of the department of Homeland security, a unit dedicated to the surveillance and interception of suspected terrorists, the government has successfully improved the security of the country ensuring that every American is currently safer they than they were before the 9/11. However, the increased power the law enforcers enjoy in the line of their duty of monitoring and interjecting possible threats have resulted in possible abuse of human rights. The fact that the law enforcers can follow an individual and carry out investigation without alerting them results in suspects incriminating themselves, a primary abuse of legal rights a feature that requires the review of the use of the Miranda laws on the fight against terrorism. When the law enforcers arrested the Boston marathon bomber, the government issued a notice informing the

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Queen Victoria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Queen Victoria - Essay Example Queen Victoria has passed away a little more than hundred years and already she has become the subject of biography more than any other women born since 1800. Walter. L. Arnstein, the famous historian and writer also could not escape the charm, and enigma of the life of this great lady possessed and he also selected Queen Victoria as the subject of his biography. Arnstein tried his best indeed to captivate the political, social, religious and personal life of the Queen Victoria as much as possible. This biography is remarkably different from other works falling into the same canon in many ways. The work is commendable and it is justified too as the biography has been written by a renowned historian and so it is quite expected that the book contains many perspective of her life from the point of a historian. And in craving out the historical aspects and details of her life, Arnstein uses many research materials which focuses on the widely neglected aspects of the Queen’s life a nd reign which most importantly is presented in details maintained by relative brevity of an expert writer (Arnstein, â€Å"Queen Victoria†). ... This fact can be well perceived if one gives a close introspection into the anatomy of the book. The book, â€Å"Queen Victoria† is divided into nine chapters and an introduction. The chapters are culminated according to the events which took place chronologically into the Queen’s life or in other ways are neatly divided into different phases of Queen’s life. The chapters bear the following names which are very much relative to the events and phases of Queen’s life chronologically, ‘The Cloistered Princess’, ‘The Royal Teenager’, ‘The Model of Domesticity’, ‘The Reigning Partner’, ‘Britain’s Champion’, ‘The Reclusive Widow’, ‘The Guardian of the Constitution’, ‘The Imperial Matriarch’ and ‘The Paradoxical Monarch’ (Arnstein, â€Å"Queen Victoria†). The contents in these chapters are evolved from myriad sources that are centerin g round the political and personal life of the Queen as well. The sources include Victoria’s own writings published in many journals and unpublished letters (Christopher, â€Å"Aristocratic Whig Politics in Early-Victorian Yorkshire: Lord Morpeth and His World†). Here, the author provides the Queen with a wide scope to say her story in her own words. Arnstein does so by quoting Victoria at many places which finally clears her stand-point, contention and perspective on different issues. From these personal accounts, the readers are enabled to learn the perspective, thought and vision of the Queen regarding religion, gender, politics and connection with Ireland. The solidarity and preciseness with which the Queen is given the opportunity to unfold her life through her version differentiates this book from the other biographies (Lynn,

Monday, November 18, 2019

Financial Motivation in University Students Research Proposal

Financial Motivation in University Students - Research Proposal Example One major factor that can be considered as the potential main motivation behind a student’s work rate is the goals that they wish to achieve in the future. For many youths, the concept of education making an individual a better and well-rounded person is not enough to keep their noses in the books when they have the chance to go out and do something that they find more entertaining and no-one to stop them. Therefore, when talking with regard to the future, material possessions and status can be considered more effective drives to make an individual study harder. However, other sources of motivation that do not relate to financial success should also be taken into consideration as the wealth is not the only factor to motivate individuals. For example, an individual who has been raised in a wealthy family with the assurance of financial security whether he succeeds in his quest for higher learning or not will be motivated by the thought of financial success as this is already av ailable to them. Other sources of motivation will be studied in such cases such as respect from their peers as well as pride; one may be motivated to excel in their education to prove that they are not dependent upon their family’s financial cushion and are able to make it in life without such assistance (Lara & Norton, 2009).The temptations that are present in the life of a university are many and the need for a strong motivation is a necessity should one want to succeed in overcoming them and going on to excel.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Teenage Violent Crime Rates in the US

Teenage Violent Crime Rates in the US Erica Goncalves What do teenagers do after school? Research states that 1 in 5 children in the United States are unsupervised after school. This leads to teen violence. Teen violence are when children get out of school and join a group of gang and start committing crimes, go in the internet and bully other students. Lastly, teen violence are still going on because of the ways teens are acting, the way they are because of the videogames and the kinds of music teens are listening to. Teen violence are in every school and place that contains teen in it. Those teens that are doing the violence has been abused or bullied before. Teen violence has been passed through generations it gets pass on each year to young adult, the causes of teen violence in the city of Boston is that teen violence is caused because of the ways the parents treat them violence teens. This shows that we need more afterschool program in the United States to keep children engaged and productive. Children in quality afterschool progra ms are more likely to come to school, stay in school, hand in their work, and get better grades. After school programs are particularly well positioned to make a difference in a students life to help them be successful. Students who attends an after school program have a higher chance of going the college and have a career than students who does not attend an afterschool program. The problem is that there is a lot of teen violence happening lately. Over the last couple [1]years teen violence has been a problem that is affecting everyone in the city of Boston[2]. Teen [3]violence also affect a lot of things like lowering the budget of the city, making streets unsafe, harassing and bullying other citizen, and sadly the increase in the number of teen who lose their life. According to recent studies about teen violence, 12% of students who attended high school reported having a weapon, and about 3% were carrying a gun. Also 20% of students reported participating in a physical fight, 7% of teens were reported to participate in gang activities. When it comes to bullying, 17% of students said that they had been a victim of bullying and 14% said that they been a victim of cyberbullying [1]. The city of Boston contains 25% of the violence in all of Massachusetts [2]. It is not easy for a teen to focus and be positive know that 64% of recovered guns are seized from peo ple who own them illegally[3]. Teen Violence has a pervasive effect on all members of the society, from the teens themselves to adults that pay higher taxes to address the issue. Students that do not go to an after school program are most likely to become involved in teen crime. These students that are unsupervised after school are 49% more likely to use drugs and 37% more likely to become a teen parent than kids that attend some after school programs for 1-4 hours each week. (add footnote) Another example of the impact of after school programs is that students that attend an after school program are less likely to be suspended from school for violence, and students already in the juvenile court system that attended after school programs were less likely to go back to court for any reason, especially for violence. Lastly, students in afterschool programs were less likely to become a first time offender of violence in the community than other students not in an afterschool program that had not already committed any crime.(Add Footnote) Twoafter school programs have had large success in preventing crime. When an after school program was created in 12 California neighborhoods, teen crime decreased significantly. Vandalism decreased by two-thirds, violent acts and carrying a concealed gun decreased by more than half, and the number of arrests made by the police decreased by half (add footnote #1). Baltimore also made an after school program through the police department. Once it was created, juvenile crime dropped by 10% and the risk of children and teens as victi,s of crime was cut in half (add footnote #1). Lastly, the crime rate decreased by 75% in a housing project when an after school program was created, but crime increased in a similar housing project when there was no after school program (add footnote #2). After school program have existed for many years. After- school programs first [4]emerged in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, in the form of small, idiosyncratic boys clubs, often no more than a storefront or room in a church or other local building(The context for the emergence of the after school program by Robert Halpern).The clubs evolved to provide recreation and learning activities to children. In addition the supply of after school programs is not as high as the demand for them.Twice as many elementary and middle school parents want afterschool programs as are currently available(National Opinion Research Center). What makes this problem severe is that the lack of afterschool programs allows students to drop out, commit crimes and become teen parents. The hours between 3 and 6 p.m. are the peak hours for juvenile crime and experimentation with drugs, alcohol, cigarettes and sex(Fight Crime: Invest in Kids, 2003). This is the time when students are leaving school and feel like they are on their own. In recent years, more children have been attending after school programs. Their families are in favor of their positive benefits. In 2004, 6.5 million children participated in after school programs, and this value increased to 8.4 million in 2009 and 10.2 million today (add footnote #3). Parents who have kids who attend an after school program have been increasingly satisfied with the programs. Over time they have increased their satisfaction in quality of care, homework assistance, workforce skills development, variety of activities, and the knowledged staff (footnote #3). Juvenile crime rates have decreased since the 1980s, so the effectiveness of afterschool programs is seen in many ways. In recent years (2008-2012), the teen crime rate has decreased. Murder decreased by 42%, rape decreased 24%, robbery decreased by 39%, and aggravated assault decreased by 35% as well in the 4 year period (add footnote #4). For the 6th consecutive year after 2006, the youth violent crime rate has decreased dramatically in the US (footnote #4). The prevalence of crime in males and females ages 10-17 has decreased in the last 4 years. It has also decreased for all races- whites, blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians. Between 2003-2012, violent crime for Asian youth has decreased by 44%, 41% for American Indians, 39% for whites, and 23% for blacks (add footnote #4).The components of violent crime- murder, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault- have fallen to record lows over the period of 2008-2012.(add footnote #4) Youth property crime has decreased significantly coming up to 2012. In 2012, the property crime rates were at its lowest levels since 1980. In the same 4 year period described earlier, youth were arrested 36% less for burglary, 30% less for larceny-theft, 47% for motor vehicle theft, and 33% less for arson (footnote).The prevalence of property crime has decreased for both genders over the period of 2008-2012. The prevalence has also decreased for all races, [5]too- whites, blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians. Students who spend no time in extracurricular activities, such as those offered in after-school programs, are 49 percent more likely to have used drugs and 37 percent more likely to become teen parents than are those students who spend one to four hours per week in extracurricular activities(National Youth Violence Prevention Resource Center). Youths who went to a juvenile detention facility were significantly less likely to be suspended from school compared to kids who did not participate in the program. Teens who were a part of the juvenile justice system were significantly less likely to fall back into committing crimes. Teens that had no experience were less likely to commit a first offense. A study of afterschool programs conducted by the California Juvenile Crime Prevention Demonstration Project in 12 high-risk California communities found that, the rate of crime and delinquency went down after they started the program. Vandalism and stealing dropped by two-thirds, violent acts and carrying a concealed weapon fell by more than half, and arrests and being picked up by the police were cut in half. In the three years after Baltimores Police Department opened a Police Activities League (PAL) afterschool program in one high-crime neighborhood, juvenile crime in the neighborhood dropped nearly 10 percent, and the risk of c hildren and teens becoming crime victims was cut nearly in half. While juvenile victimization rates were coming down for all Baltimore juveniles, the rate in the area served by the PAL program came down nearly three times as fast as it did for the city as a whole.x Paulo Barros is the person who run the program. All the decisions in implementing the proposed program is made by the director Paulo Barros, catholic charities board, the president of the CEO and vice president of the CEO. It costs the company 1.3 millions of dollars to run yearly. Success are measured based on how many students go the college. It is also measured by the amount of gang involved in the environment and arrests, and how many students gets a job. Also that is where many of Cape Verdean students learn English. This program has been run since 2001. It use to be a middle school K1-8. The program use to run cafeteria in the basement that had nothing to do with school. Throughout the year the program became bigger and bigger and once the school shut down because of the archdiocese sex scandal. Then the teen center took over the building. Saint Peter encourage students to stay in school. Students who attends to Saint Peter are more likely to get good grades and perfect attenda nce. Saint Peter prevent teens from doing drugs or commit crimes. They dont serve elementary students due to the lack of funding. Not only that but Saint Peter is not very diverse majority of Cape Verdeans that goes there. The key groups who support this program are the mayor menino and his family. He backed up our mission statements and wanted a safe community for Bowdoin and Geneva area. The mission that he supported was to provide education, enrichment, leadership development and recreational activities to the adolescents of the Mid- Dorchester corridor. Second Alternative: Mattapan Teen Center The program is run by the director Ronald Carroll. In 2008 Bain Company donated to complete a 100 million dollars comprehensive campaign, which calls for investment in innovation and impact to double the number of youth served at the point. It costs 20,686,041 for all operating expensive. Boys and Girls club is successful by teaching young people the skills they need to succeed in life. This can be measured easily by comparing the ratio of students who attends to an after school program to who doesnt and see whos more likely to be successful in life. 97% are expected to graduate high school. It has been run since 1893. First club was found in Charlestown in 1893. The Boston foundation helped put the girls in the Boys and Girls clubs by providing a $300,000, for three years grant to reach out to special categories of youth who lack opportunities for appealing programs. In 1981, the club formally changed its name to Boy and Girls clubs of Boston and national organization followed in 1 990. Boys and Girls Club help kids stay in school and improve their academic success. It is open daily, after school and on weekends when kids have time and wants to be productive. It helps kids graduate from high school not only that but it also save lives. Boys and Girls club are located in disadvantaged community areas. Macs- generous support for BGCAs mission and our local Clubs through funds raised during the annual Thanks for Sharing campaign helped to create great futures for Americas young people. Ross Stores- helped Clubs provide homework assistance to more than 12,000 youth at 90 Clubs through its support of Power Hour. ConocoPhillips- supported BGCAs dropout prevention program,Best Buy Childrens Foundation. The mission statement is to help young people, specially those who need us most, build strong character and realize their full potential as responsible citizens and leaders. The organization does this by providing a safe haven filled with hope and opportunity, ongoing relationship with caring adults and life-enhancing programs. Alternative 3: Holland School The program is run by Hillary casson. That legislation that this program supports is the Massachusetts Department of Early Education and Care because the Programs are licensed by the Massachusetts Department of Early Education and Care and Turnaround plan. The Chester commissioners team and Scoot given, the chief executive officer are in charge of the day to day management of the school. And will work directly to implement the holland plan. The Mission of this program is that all students acquire the knowledge, skills, and strength of character necessary to succeed on the path to college and to achieve their full potential. Therefore it is measure of how many students are moving on to the next grade and their growth from the time they start and end. 2013, Up receives a new schools venture fund U.S education reform organization of the year award. UpHolland is a elementary school and there is an after school programs that include homework support and tutoring. Upholland after school su pports all students with extra help including students with disabilities and English language learners. They only serve K1- 5th grader. The key groups who support this after school program is the College Bound Dorchester. The college Bound Dorchester provides students with a range of activities including homework assistance, writing, visual and performing arts, science exploration, physical education and field trips. During the last year, 98% of Out of School Time students were promoted to the next grade level on time. Out of School Time programs serve children ages 6 to 12 years between the hours of 1:00 pm to 6:00 pm during the academic year. [1] Youth Violence Prevention Through Positives Youth Development Mass. gov ,2013. Accessed January 30,2017 http://www.mass.gov/eohhs/gov/departments/dph/programs/community-health/dvip/violence/youth-violence-prevention-program.html [2] Crime Rates for Boston, MA Neighborhoodscout.com . Accessed February 6,2017 https://www.neighborhoodscout.com/ma/boston/crime/ [3] Mayor Walsh and Police Commissioner Evans Announce Additional Steps to Curb Gun Violence Cityofboston.gov. September,09,2015 accessed February,6,2017 http://www.cityofboston.gov/news/default.aspx?id=20321 [1]race, age, genders [2]better few as of someone who doesnt know anything about boston [3]ages 13-18 [4]explain how after school has a huge impact in women . how it gives women the opportunity to work instead of be a house wifey and take care of the kids [5]duration 1 paragraph

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Wordsworth’s Sonnets and Technology Essay example -- Wordsworth

Wordsworth’s Sonnets and Technology In William Wordsworth’s sonnets "The World Is Too Much With Us" and "London 1802," he describes his society as being too dependent on technology. In Wordsworth’s time, the 1800’s, new phases of technology, such as electricity to run machines, were booming and people were relying more on them. With these new innovations, Wordsworth was convinced that people would stop appreciating nature while allowing technology to run their lives. In "London 1802," Wordsworth describes how people are becoming more dependent on technology and how they have left behind their ancestors' heritage: "England have forfeited their ancient English dower"(5). The "dower" refers to our inheritance from nature that Wordsworth describes as being "forfeited" or cast aside. In our society we hardly even appreciate nature compared to the society Wordsworth lived in. We depend on everyday technology to better ourselves, such as television that keeps us indoors and away from the natural world. Another problem Wordsworth mentions in his society that is releva...